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David Komnenos
David Komnenos ((ギリシア語:Δαβίδ Κομνηνός)) (c. 1184 – 1212) was one of the founders of the Empire of Trebizond and its joint ruler together with his brother Alexios until his death. At least two lead seals and an inscription found on a tower in Heraclea Pontica attest that he was the first of his family to use the style Megas Komnenos.〔Anthony Bryer, "David Komnenos and Saint Eleutherios", ''Archeion Pontou'' 42 (1988-1989), pp. 166f〕 Ηe was the son of Manuel Komnenos and grandson of the Emperor Andronikos I.
==Capture of Trebizond==
David's life is not well-documented; our primary historian for the Empire of Trebizond, Michael Panaretos, fails to mention him even once. Because he was the brother of Alexios, we can deduct the names of some of his relatives. Their father was Manuel Komnenos, and their grandfather Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I. Their relative Tamar was queen of Georgia; exactly how David and Tamar were related is not clear. According to Michael Panaretos, Queen Tamar was Alexios' paternal relative (προς πατρός θεὶα); Cyril Toumanoff argued that their grandfather Andronikos had, while in Georgia, married an unnamed sister of king George III.〔Toumanoff, ("On the Relationship between the Founder of the Empire of Trebizond and the Georgian Queen Thamar" ), ''Speculum'', 15 (1940), pp. 299-312〕 More recently Michel Kuršanskis has argued against Toumanoff's theory, producing evidence that Alexios' mother and/or grandmother were daughters of the houses of Palaiologos or Doukas, yet failing to offer an explanation why Panaretos describes Tamar as Alexios' paternal aunt.〔Kuršanskis, ("L'Empire de Trébizonde et la Géorgie" ), ''Revue des études byzantines'', 35 (1977). pp. 237-256〕 Whatever the nature of their relationship, after the death of Emperor Andronikos and their father Manuel, Queen Tamar provided a refuge for the boys at the Georgian court, where presumably they were raised and educated.〔A. A. Vasiliev, ("The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222)" ), ''Speculum'', 11 (1936), pp. 9-18〕
In April 1204, while Constantinople was occupied with the landing of the Fourth Crusade, David and Alexios occupied the city of Trebizond and raised the banner of revolt.〔Michael Panaretos, Chronicle, ch. 1. Greek text in ''Original-Fragmente, Chroniken, Inschiften und anderes Materiale zur Geschichte des Kaiserthums Trapezunt'', part 2; in ''Abhandlungen der historischen Classe der königlich bayerischen Akademie'' 4 (1844), abth. 1, pp. 11; German translation, p. 41〕 Immediately that city, Oinaion and Sinope declared for the two brothers.〔William Miller, ''Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204-1461'', 1926 (Chicago: Agronaut, 1969), p. 15〕 While Alexios settled down in Trebizond to establish the empire -- earning himself the sneer of being "a proverbial Hylas, called after and not seen"〔Niketas Choniates, p. 828〕 -- David, aided by Georgian troops and local mercenaries, made himself master of Pontus and Paphlagonia, including Kastamonou, said to be the ancestral castle of the Komnenoi.〔Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 21-23〕 While Alexios collected the allegiance of the fortresses of Tripolis, Kerasus, Mesochaldaion and Jasonis, David advanced westward and the coast from Sinope to the shores of the Sangarios River; the cities of Amastris, Tios and Heraclea Pontica all welcomed him.〔George Finlay, ''The History of Greece and the Empire of Trebizond, (1204-1461)'' (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1851), p. 321〕
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